Commerce

Part-I

Accounting and Auditing ;

Accounting:

  •  Nature, Scope and Objectives of Accounting-Accounting as an Information System-Users of Accounting Information.
  • Generally Accepted Principles of Accounting-The Accounting Equation-Accrual Concept-Other concepts and conventions, Distinction between capital and revenue expenditure. Accounting Standards and their application-Accounting standards relating to fixed assets, depreciation, inventory, recognition of revenue.
  • Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors, Partnership Firms and Limited Companies-Statutory Provisions -Reserves, Provisions and Funds.
  •  Final Accounts of non profit organisation.
  •  Accounting problems related to admission and retirement of a partner and dissolution of a firm.
  •  Accounting for Shares and Debentures- Accounting Treatment of Convertible Debentures.
  •  Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements Ratio analysis and interpretation. Ratios relation to short term liquidity, long term solvency and profitability-Importance of the rate of return on investment (ROI) in evaluating the overall performance of a business entity-Cash-flow Statement and Statement of Source and Application of Funds-Societal obligations of Accounting.

Auditing

  •  Nature, objectives and basic principles of auditing.
  •  Techniques of Auditing-physical verification, examination of documents and vouching, direct confirmation, analytical review.
  •  Planning an audit, audit programmes, working papers, audit process.
  •  Evaluation of internal controls.
  •  Test checking and sampling.
  • Broad outlines of company audit.
  •  Audit of non-corporate enterprises.
  •  Internal and management audit.

Part-II

Business Organisation: Distinctive features of different forms of business organisation,Sole Proprietor, Partnerships-characteristics, Registration, Partnership deed, Rights and duties, Retirement, Dissolution.

  • Joint Stock Company-Concept, characteristics, types.
  •  Cooperative and State ownership forms of organizations.
  •  Types of securities and methods of their issue.
  •  Economic functions of the capital market, stock exchanges, Mutual Funds. Control and regulation of capital market.
  •  Business combinations; control of Monopolies. Problems of modernisation of industrial enterprises. Social Responsibility of business.
  •  Foreign Trade-Procedure and financing of import and export trade. Incentives for export promotion. Financing of foreign trade.
  •  Insurance-Principles and practice of Life, Fire, Marine and General Insurance.

Management

  •  Management functions-Planning-strategies, Organising-levels of authority Staffing, Line function and staff function, Leadership, Communication, Motivation, Directing-Principles, Strategies.
  • Coordination-Concept, types, methods.
  • Control-principles, performance standards, corrective action. Salary and wage administration-Job evaluation.
  •  Organisation Structure-Centralization and decentralization-Delegation of authority-span of control-Management by Objectives and Management by Exception.
  •  Management of change; Crisis Management.
  •  Office Managemet-scope and principles; systems and routines; handling of records- modern aids to Office management; office equipment and machines; Automation and Personal computers.
  •  Impact of Organisation and Methods (O & M)

Company Law

  • Joint stock companies-incorporation; documents and formalities-Doctrine of indoor management and constructive notice.
  • Duties and powers of the board of directors of a company.
  • Accounts and Audit of Companies.
  • Company Secretary-role and functions-qualifications for appointment.

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